SB 53: California SB 53
enactedStateCalifornia's Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (TFAIA), the first U.S. state law regulating frontier AI models. Requires large developers (>$500M revenue, models >10^26 FLOPs) to publish annual safety frameworks, report critical safety incidents within 15 days (24 hours for imminent danger), and protects whistleblowers. Also creates CalCompute, a public computing cluster for AI research. Signed September 29, 2025 by Governor Newsom after he vetoed the more ambitious SB 1047 a year earlier. Effective January 1, 2026. Civil penalties up to $1M per violation, enforced by the California Attorney General.
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Approaches
Other
Quick Facts
- Bill Number
- SB 53
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Author / Sponsor
- Senator Scott Wiener
- Introduced
- 2025
- Status
- enacted
- Scope
- State
Position Summary
Sources
- SB 53 Bill Text (Chaptered)California Legislature, September 2025
- Governor Newsom Signs SB 53 (Official Press Release)Office of the Governor, September 29, 2025
- Governing Frontier AI: California's SB 53Lam Tran, October 2025
- California Governor Newsom Signs Landmark AI Safety Bill SB 53TechCrunch, September 29, 2025
- With SB 53, California Puts AI Disclosure Requirements on the MapIAPP, October 2025
- What Is California's AI Safety Law?Brookings Institution, October 2025
- California Just Passed the First U.S. Frontier AI Law. Here's What It Does.Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 2025
- California's SB 53: The First Frontier AI Law, ExplainedFuture of Privacy Forum, October 2025
- Anthropic Is Endorsing SB 53Anthropic, September 2025
- Anthropic: Compliance Framework for California SB 53Anthropic
- Newsom Signs AI Safety Law Opposed by Meta, Google, OpenAISF Standard, September 29, 2025