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Aspen Institute - Billionaires and Big Givers
webA commentary from the Aspen Institute examining the role of billionaire philanthropists in funding AI safety and existential risk work, relevant for understanding the funding landscape and governance debates surrounding the field.
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Summary
This Aspen Institute piece examines how ultra-wealthy philanthropists make large-scale bets on societal challenges, including emerging technologies and existential risks. It explores the influence billionaire donors have on shaping priorities in areas like AI safety and global catastrophic risk reduction, and raises questions about accountability and democratic legitimacy in private philanthropic decision-making.
Key Points
- •Billionaire philanthropists increasingly direct large sums toward speculative, long-term bets on civilizational risks including AI and biosecurity.
- •The concentration of philanthropic power raises governance concerns about who decides which existential risks deserve priority funding.
- •Effective altruism and longtermist frameworks have influenced major donors to fund AI safety research and related causes.
- •Private philanthropic decisions lack democratic accountability yet can shape public research agendas and policy discussions.
- •The piece situates big philanthropy within broader debates about wealth inequality and the outsized influence of the ultra-rich.
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> Aspen is a place for leaders to lift their sights above the possessions which possess them. To confront their own nature as human beings, to regain control over their own humanity by becoming more self-aware, more self-correcting, and hence more self-fulfilling.
>
> Walter P. Paepcke, Aspen Institute Co-Founder
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### [Jane Wales](https://www.aspeninstitute.org/people/jane-wales/)
Vice President and Executive Director
###### **1890–1920s: The Institutional Wave**. Endowed general-purpose foundations with broad mandates and professional staffs.
**♦ 1889**: Having funded 3,000 libraries, American Tycoon **Andrew Carnegie** publishes the essay _Gospel of Wealth_, asserting that “the man who dies rich dies disgraced. In 2011 he establishes the Carnegie Corporation of New York with a broad mandate “to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding”. In 1917, at Andrew Carnegie’s direction, his foundation created TIAA-CREF so that teachers could have pensions.
**♦1913**: **John D. Rockefeller** and **John D. Rockefeller Jr** found the Rockefeller Foundation focused on global health, including the creation of the field of public health, the development of the vaccine to prevent yellow fever, and the development of the field of molecular biology. It is credited later with helping to finance the Green Revolution, bringing new technologies and new management techniques to agriculture in the developing world and transforming India from a grain importer to a grain exporter saving almost 1b from starvation, but also stirring controversy for its use of pesticides and genetically modified plants. In 1970 agronomist Norman Borlaug is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role.
**♦ 1917**: **Julius Rosenwald** Fund is created to support public schools, universities and museums. Having endowed the Tuskegee Institute in 1912, the former Sears Roebuck president worked with Booker T. Washington to create 5,000 Rosenwald Schools for African American children across the American South.
**♦ 1924-1930**: **Sebastian Spering Kresge**, **Charles Stewart Mott,** and **Will Keith Kellogg** form foundations. In 2016 these are among the ten foundations to (along with Ford, Carnegie, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and others) that collaborate to help Flint, Michigan overcome its water crisis. Their combined grants for this purpose totaled $125m.
**♦ 1936**: **Edsel** and **Henry Ford** found the Ford Foundation with a broad mandate to “advance human well **–** being.” Now a social justice foundation–active in advancing civil rights at home and human rights abroad, including working to end a
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