Between 2009 and 2018

Summary

This Carnegie Endowment report documents the global spread of AI-powered surveillance technologies between 2009 and 2018, tracking how governments worldwide are adopting tools such as facial recognition, smart city systems, and predictive policing. The page appears to be unavailable, but the report is a landmark study on authoritarian and democratic governments' use of AI for social control. It raises significant concerns about governance, civil liberties, and the geopolitical diffusion of surveillance infrastructure.

Key Points

• •At least 75 countries were actively using AI surveillance technologies as of 2018, including facial recognition and smart city platforms.
• •China is identified as a major supplier of AI surveillance tools to authoritarian regimes globally, raising geopolitical concerns.
• •Both democratic and non-democratic governments are adopting AI surveillance, blurring distinctions about its risks to civil liberties.
• •The spread of surveillance AI creates path-dependent infrastructure that may be difficult to reverse once deployed.
• •The report highlights governance gaps and lack of international norms around the deployment of AI surveillance systems.