The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
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Historical analysis of Soviet bioweapon development programs that examines dual-use research and the relationship between offensive bioweapon development and civilian applications, relevant to understanding biosecurity risks and historical precedents for AI safety governance.
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This historical paper examines the Soviet Union's anthrax weaponization program and its broader implications for biowarfare research and public health. The authors document how Soviet bioweapon development, particularly through the Biopreparat program, led to technological advances including the creation of the first Soviet anthrax vaccine and mass vaccination campaigns for animals and humans. The paper argues that while some biowarfare technologies were repurposed for civilian public health benefits, the legacy of Soviet bioweapons development continues to pose asymmetric threats to contemporary public health and security.
Cited by 1 page
| Page | Type | Quality |
|---|---|---|
| Bioweapons Risk | Risk | 91.0 |
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Cureus . 2023 Mar 28;15(3):e36800. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36800
The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
Ioannis Nikolakakis
Ioannis Nikolakakis
1
Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
Find articles by Ioannis Nikolakakis
1 , Spyros N Michaleas
Spyros N Michaleas
1
Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
Find articles by Spyros N Michaleas
1, ✉ , George Panayiotakopoulos
George Panayiotakopoulos
2
Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patra, GRC
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2 , Theodore G Papaioannou
Theodore G Papaioannou
1
Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
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1 , Marianna Karamanou
Marianna Karamanou
1
Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
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1
Editors: Alexander Muacevic , John R Adler
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1
Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
2
Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patra, GRC
✉
Spyros N. Michaleas ericmc@otenet.gr
✉ Corresponding author.
Accepted 2023 Mar 25; Collection date 2023 Mar.
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