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Deep Synthesis Provisions
governmentRelevant to AI governance researchers tracking international regulatory approaches to synthetic media; China's deep synthesis rules are among the earliest comprehensive national regulations targeting generative AI outputs and provide a comparative case for global AI policy discussions.
Metadata
Importance: 58/100regulationprimary source
Summary
China's regulatory framework for deepfake and synthetic media technologies, jointly issued by three agencies (CAC, MIIT, MPS), entered into effect January 10, 2023. The provisions impose comprehensive obligations on service providers including user consent for biometric editing, content labeling, and algorithm auditing. This represents one of the world's first comprehensive regulatory regimes specifically targeting AI-generated synthetic media.
Key Points
- •Broadly defines 'deep synthesis technologies' to cover AI-generated/edited text, images, audio, video, biometric features, and virtual scenes using generative algorithms.
- •Requires explicit individual consent before editing face, voice, or other biometric information in deep synthesis applications.
- •Mandates content labeling and security measures for synthetic media to ensure traceability and prevent misuse.
- •Requires regular algorithmic reviews and validation of generative/synthetic algorithm logic by service providers.
- •Jointly enforced by CAC, MIIT, and MPS, signaling multi-agency commitment to AI governance in China.
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| Page | Type | Quality |
|---|---|---|
| China AI Regulatory Framework | Policy | 57.0 |
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# [Article](https://www.loc.gov/search/?fa=original_format:web+page)China: Provisions on Deep Synthesis Technology Enter into Effect
[Back to Search Results](https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2023-04-25/china-provisions-on-deep-synthesis-technology-enter-into-effect/)
On January 10, 2023, China’s [Administrative Provisions on Deep Synthesis in Internet-Based Information Services](https://perma.cc/JE3W-PF26) (Deep Synthesis Provisions) entered into effect. The deep synthesis provisions were jointly issued by three central government regulators — the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), and Ministry of Public Security (MPS) — on November 25, 2022.
Commonly known as “deepfake,” [deep synthesis technology](https://perma.cc/MV6Z-5BGB) “uses powerful machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to edit or synthesize visual and audio information that can thus produce ‘fake’ content.” This is not the first Chinese departmental rule regulating AI-related technologies. Previously, in December 2021, the CAC, MIIT, MPS, and State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued another set of provisions regulating the implementation of algorithm recommendation. ( [Internet Information Service Algorithmic Recommendation Management Provisions](https://perma.cc/YU84-Q2V4) (Algorithmic Recommendation Provisions) (Dec. 31, 2021, effective Mar. 1, 2022), [English trans.](https://perma.cc/XKF8-E37V) by Digichina.)
The deep synthesis provisions define “deep synthesis technologies” as “technologies that use generative sequencing algorithms, such as deep learning and virtual reality, to create text, images, audio, video, virtual scenes, or other information.” Those technologies include, but are not limited to, technologies for generating or editing the following:
(1) Text content: such as text generation, text style conversion, and Q&A generation.
(2) Speech content: such as text-to-speech conversion, voice conversion, and voice attribute editing.
(3) Non-speech content: such as music generation and background sound editing.
(4) Biometric features in images or video content: such as face generation, face swapping, personal attribute editing, face manipulation, and gesture manipulation.
(5) Non-biometric features in images or video content: such as image generation, image enhancement, and image restoration.
(6) Digital characters or virtual scenes: such as 3D reconstruction and digital simulation. (Deep Synthesis Provisions art. 23, English trans. by Lexis China (by subscription).)
The deep synthesis provisions [set out comprehensive responsibilities](https://perma.cc/MV6Z
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