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Relevant to AI safety as biosecurity governance intersects with AI-enabled bioweapon risks; illustrates challenges of verifying compliance in dual-use technology domains, a problem analogous to AI treaty verification.

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Importance: 52/100opinion pieceanalysis

Summary

This Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists analysis examines the longstanding absence of verification mechanisms in the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), explores why past efforts failed, and considers how advances in AI, genome editing, and biosurveillance technologies could enable new compliance verification approaches following the 2022 Ninth BWC Review Conference's renewed commitment to address these gaps.

Key Points

  • Unlike chemical and nuclear weapons treaties, the BWC has no verification provisions, and formal discussion of the topic stalled after a 2001 collapse of negotiations.
  • Advances in AI, genome editing, and converging biotechnologies have increased the urgency of establishing workable BWC verification mechanisms.
  • The 2022 Ninth BWC Review Conference saw 185 countries agree to form a working group to revisit compliance and verification issues.
  • The article argues that technological progress since 2001 may now enable verification approaches that were previously infeasible.
  • The deteriorating international security environment makes effective biological weapons governance more critical and also more politically challenging.

Cited by 1 page

PageTypeQuality
Bioweapons RiskRisk91.0

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# How the Biological Weapons Convention could verify treaty compliance

By [James Revill](https://thebulletin.org/biography/james-revill/) \| [Analysis](https://thebulletin.org/feature_type/analysis/) \| March 5, 2024

![Stepnogorsk biologial weapons plant.](https://thebulletin.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/stepnogorsk-facility-1024x676.png.webp)The former Stepnogorsk biological weapons complex in Kazakhstan. (US Department of Defense)

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