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Frontiers in Energy Research
webfrontiersin.org·frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389...
Relevant to AI safety tangentially as critical infrastructure protection; more directly applicable to cybersecurity and power grid resilience research than core AI alignment or safety topics.
Metadata
Importance: 28/100journal articleanalysis
Summary
A systematic literature review of cascading failures in cyber-physical power systems (CPPS), covering modeling, analysis, and mitigation strategies. The paper examines how interdependencies between cyber networks and physical power infrastructure create vulnerabilities where small disturbances can propagate into large-scale blackouts. Open research questions and future directions are also discussed.
Key Points
- •Smart grids integrate cyber and physical networks creating cyber-physical power systems (CPPS) with new vulnerability types including cascading failures.
- •Cascading failures occur when a small initial disturbance propagates through interdependent cyber-physical networks, potentially causing large-scale blackouts.
- •Real-world examples include the 2003 Italian blackout and the 2015 Ukrainian power grid cyberattack, both involving cyber-physical cascading effects.
- •The review covers modeling, analysis, and mitigation of cascading failures, providing a state-of-the-art survey for researchers in this domain.
- •Increasing cyber-physical interdependencies raise both opportunities for grid optimization and significant risks to reliability and resilience.
Cited by 1 page
| Page | Type | Quality |
|---|---|---|
| AI Flash Dynamics | Risk | 64.0 |
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## REVIEW article
Front. Energy Res., 08 February 2023
Sec. Smart Grids
Volume 11 - 2023 \| [https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1095303](https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1095303)
# Cyber-physical cascading failure and resilience of power grid: A comprehensive review
- [MZ\\
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Md Zahidul Islam 1](https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2094207)
- [YL\\
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Yuzhang Lin 1\*](https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1742527)
- VM
Vinod M. Vokkarane 1
- [VV\\
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Venkatesh Venkataramanan 2](https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2167811)
- 1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
- 2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
Article metrics
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## Abstract
Smart grid technologies are based on the integration of the cyber network and the power grid into a cyber-physical power system (CPPS). The increasing cyber-physical interdependencies bring about tremendous opportunities for the modeling, monitoring, control, and protection of power grids, but also create new types of vulnerabilities and failure mechanisms threatening the reliability and resiliency of system operation. A major concern regarding the interdependent networks is the cascading failure (CF), where a small initial disturbance/failure in the network results in a seemingly unexpected large-scale failure. Although there has been a significant volume of recent work in the CF research of CPPS, a comprehensive review remains unavailable. This article aims to fill the gap by providing a systematic literature survey regarding the modeling, analysis, and mitigation of CF in CPPS. The open research questions for further research are also discussed. This article allows researchers to easily understand the state of the art of CF research in CPPS and fosters future work required towards full resolutions to the remaining questions and challenges.
## 1 Introduction
Smart grid technologies have been transforming power grid operation and control paradigms in the recent decades. Beyond the physical power delivery infrastructure, a smart grid is equipped with smart sensing devices, advanced communication network, and powerful computing resources for monitoring operating conditions, transferring data, and optimizing resource allocation for the grid, respectively. With the integration of the cyber network, the power grid evolves into the so-called cyber-physical power system (CPPS).
Although the cyber-physical nature of modern power grids is advantageous in many ways, it poses major challenges on the reliability and resiliency of system operation as well. In CPPS, the cyber and the physical networks are highly interdependent. As a result, the grid becomes more vulnerable and prone to natural disasters and man-made attacks. In the CPPS, a small malfunction/failure in one network can affect the function
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