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paper
1972·Science(peer-reviewed)·science.org/doi/10.1126/science.177.4047.393

Author

P. Anderson

Credibility Rating

5/5
Gold(5)

Gold standard. Rigorous peer review, high editorial standards, and strong institutional reputation.

Rating inherited from publication venue: Science

Philip Anderson's foundational 1972 physics paper arguing that complex systems exhibit emergent properties irreducible to their components, providing theoretical grounding for understanding AI safety challenges arising from system complexity and emergent behaviors.

Paper Details

Citations
3,660
109 influential
Year
1972
DOI:10.1126/SCIENCE.177.4047.393Semantic Scholar

Metadata

journal articleprimary source

Cited by 1 page

PageTypeQuality
Emergent CapabilitiesRisk61.0

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## References

Anderson, P. W., _Concepts in Solid_: 175 (1963).

[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Concepts+in+Solid&publication_year=1963&pages=175)

ANDERSON, P.W., AN APPROXIMATE QUANTUM THEORY OF THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC GROUND STATE, _PHYSICAL REVIEW_ **_86_**: 694 (1952).

[Web of Science](https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&DestApp=WOS_CPL&UsrCustomerID=5e3815c904498985e796fc91436abd9a&SrcAuth=atyponcel&SrcApp=literatum&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=WOS%3AA1952UB40900067)

[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=PHYSICAL+REVIEW&publication_year=1952&pages=694)

ANDERSON, P.W., COHERENT EXCITED STATES IN THE THEORY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY - GAUGE INVARIANCE AND THE MEISSNER EFFECT, _PHYSICAL REVIEW_ **_110_**: 827 (1958).

[Web of Science](https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&DestApp=WOS_CPL&UsrCustomerID=5e3815c904498985e796fc91436abd9a&SrcAuth=atyponcel&SrcApp=literatum&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=WOS%3AA1958WB74700004)

[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=PHYSICAL+REVIEW&publication_year=1958&pages=827)

ANDERSON, P.W., RANDOM-PHASE APPROXIMATION IN THE THEORY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, _PHYSICAL REVIEW_ **_112_**: 1900 (1958).

[Web of Science](https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&DestApp=WOS_CPL&UsrCustomerID=5e3815c904498985e796fc91436abd9a&SrcAuth=atyponcel&SrcApp=literatum&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=WOS%3AA1958WB75900028)

[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=PHYSICAL+REVIEW&publication_year=1958&pages=1900)

ANDERSON, P. W., _PHYSICS TODAY_ **_23_**: 23 (1970).

[Web of Science](https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&DestApp=WOS_CPL&UsrCustomerID=5e3815c904498985e796fc91436abd9a&SrcAuth=atyponcel&SrcApp=literatum&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=WOS%3AA1970H419700017)

[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=PHYSICS+TODAY&publication_year=1970&pages=23)

BOHR, A, _KGL DANSKE VIDENSKAB_ **_27_**: 16 (1953).

[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=KGL+DANSKE+VIDENSKAB&publication_year=1953&pages=16)

CLARKE, J, _AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS_ **_38_**: 1071 (1969).

[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=AMERICAN+JOURNAL+OF+PHYSICS&publication_year=1969&pages=1071)

COHEN, M.H., WAVE PROPAGATION IN EARLY STAGES OF AGGREGATION OF CELLULAR SLIME MOL

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