Gwern Branwen - Footnote 20

Note: The claim that Gwern maintains rigorous standards for research criticism and documents extensive lists of statistical pitfalls is an overclaim, as the source only discusses the issue of non-zero correlations between variables and its implications for statistical theory. The claim mentions 'animal experiments without proper blocking' as one of the statistical pitfalls, but this is not explicitly mentioned in the source. The claim states that directional hypotheses offer approximately 50% guess accuracy, but the source says 'at least a 50-50 chance of guessing the right direction'.