OpenAI

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---
title: OpenAI
description: Leading AI lab that developed GPT models and ChatGPT, analyzing organizational evolution from non-profit research to commercial AGI development amid safety-commercialization tensions
sidebar:
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llmSummary: Comprehensive organizational profile of OpenAI documenting evolution from 2015 non-profit to commercial AGI developer, with detailed analysis of governance crisis, safety researcher exodus (75% of co-founders departed), and capability advancement (o1/o3 reasoning models). Updated with 2025 developments including o3-mini release, 800M weekly active users, and Altman's confident AGI timeline predictions.
lastEdited: "2026-02-11"
importance: 65
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  rigor: 6
  actionability: 5
  completeness: 8
clusters:
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subcategory: labs
entityType: organization
---
import {DataInfoBox, DisagreementMap, KeyPeople, KeyQuestions, Section, R, EntityLink, DataExternalLinks} from '@components/wiki';

<DataExternalLinks pageId="openai" />

<DataInfoBox entityId="E218" />

## Overview

OpenAI is the AI research company that catalyzed mainstream artificial intelligence adoption through <EntityLink id="chatgpt">ChatGPT</EntityLink> and the <EntityLink id="gpt-4">GPT model series</EntityLink>. Founded in 2015 as a non-profit with the mission to ensure AGI benefits humanity, OpenAI has undergone dramatic organizational evolution: from open research lab to secretive commercial entity, from safety-focused non-profit to product-driven corporation racing toward AGI.

The company achieved breakthrough capabilities through massive scale (GPT-3's 175B parameters), pioneered <EntityLink id="E259">Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback</EntityLink> as a practical alignment technique, and launched ChatGPT—reaching 800 million weekly active users by early 2025[^1] and maintaining 81.13% market share in generative AI[^2]. However, OpenAI's trajectory reveals mounting tensions between commercial pressures and safety priorities, exemplified by the November 2023 board crisis that temporarily ousted CEO <EntityLink id="E269">Sam Altman</EntityLink> and the 2024 exodus of key safety researchers including co-founder <EntityLink id="E163">Ilya Sutskever</EntityLink>.

With over \$13 billion in <EntityLink id="E550">Microsoft</EntityLink> investment and aggressive capability advancement through reasoning models like o1 and the recent o3-mini release[^3], OpenAI sits at the center of debates about AI safety governance, racing dynamics, and whether commercial incentives can align with existential risk mitigation.

## Recent Developments (2024-2025)

### Capability Advances

| Model | Release Date | Key Capabilities | Performance | Strategic Impact |
|-------|--------------|------------------|-------------|------------------|
| **o1 (December 2024)** | December 2024 | Full reasoning model release | Advanced mathematical/scientific reasoning | Demonstrated test-time compute scaling |
| **GPT-5.2** | December 2025 | Professional task optimization | Better at spreadsheets, presentations, image perception[^4] | Enhanced enterprise value proposition |
| **o3-mini** | January 31, 2025 | Latest reasoning model | More efficient reasoning capabilities[^5] | Broader reasoning model availability |
| **Sora 2** | 2025 | Video and audio generation | Enhanced video creation with audio[^6] | Multimodal generation leadership |

### Market Dominance and Financial Performance

**User Growth and Market Position:**
- 800 million weekly active users (doubled from 400M in February 2024)[^7]
- 15.5 million paying subscribers generating approximately \$3 billion annually[^8]
- Additional \$1 billion from API access[^9]
- Over 92% of Fortune 500 companies now use OpenAI products or APIs[^10]

**Developer Ecosystem Growth:**
- API business generates ≈\$41M monthly revenue from ≈530 billion tokens[^11]
- 10% monthly growth in API usage between December 2023 and June 2024[^12]
- <EntityLink id="gpt-store">GPT Store</EntityLink> reached 3 million custom GPTs with 1,500 daily additions[^13]
- OpenAI's share of API-based AI infrastructure now exceeds 50%[^14]

### International Expansion Strategy

**OpenAI for Countries Initiative:**
- Launched partnership program with individual nations for data center capacity[^15]
- Focus on data sovereignty and local industry building
- 10 planned country-specific projects

**Asia-Pacific Growth:**
- APAC region shows highest user growth globally[^16]
- ChatGPT usage in APAC grew more than fourfold over 2024
- Regional offices established in Tokyo and Seoul from Singapore hub[^17]

## AGI Timeline and Leadership Confidence

### Sam Altman's 2025 Statements

In January 2025, CEO Sam Altman made unprecedented confident statements about AGI development:

> "We are now confident we know how to build AGI as we have traditionally understood it... AGI will probably get developed during Trump's term."[^18]

**Key Claims:**
- AGI defined as AI capable of working as a remote software engineer[^19]
- "In 2025, we may see the first AI agents join the workforce"
- Capability to "materially change the output of companies"
- Acknowledgment that "AGI has become a very sloppy term"

**Strategic Implications:**
- Represents significant acceleration in OpenAI's public AGI timeline
- Suggests internal confidence in current technical trajectory
- May influence competitive dynamics and regulatory responses
- Contrasts with more cautious industry voices

## Risk Assessment

| Risk Category | Severity | Likelihood | Timeline | Trend | Evidence |
|---------------|----------|------------|----------|-------|----------|
| **Capability-Safety Misalignment** | High | High | 1-2 years | Worsening | Safety team departures, Superalignment dissolution |
| **AGI Race Acceleration** | High | High | Immediate | Accelerating | Confident AGI timeline statements, competitive pressure |
| **Governance Failure** | High | Medium | Ongoing | Stable | Nov 2023 crisis showed board inability to constrain CEO |
| **Commercial Override of Safety** | High | High | 1-2 years | Worsening | Jan Leike: "Safety culture has taken backseat to shiny products" |
| **AGI Deployment Without Alignment** | Very High | Medium | 2-3 years | Unknown | o3 shows rapid capability gains, alignment solutions unclear |

## Organizational Evolution

### Founding Vision vs. Current Reality

| Aspect | 2015 Foundation | 2025 Reality | Change Assessment |
|--------|-----------------|--------------|-------------------|
| **Structure** | Non-profit | Capped-profit with Microsoft partnership | Major deviation |
| **Funding** | ≈\$1B founder commitment | \$13B+ Microsoft investment | 13x scale increase |
| **Openness** | "Open by default" research publishing | Proprietary models, limited disclosure | Complete reversal |
| **Mission Priority** | "AGI benefits all humanity" | Product revenue and market leadership | Significant drift |
| **Safety Approach** | "Safety over competitive advantage" | Racing with safety as constraint | Concerning shift |
| **Governance** | Independent non-profit board | CEO-aligned board post-November crisis | Weakened oversight |

### Key Milestones and Capability Jumps

| Date | Development | Parameters/Scale | Significance | Safety Implications |
|------|-------------|------------------|--------------|-------------------|
| **2018** | GPT-1 | 117M | First <EntityLink id="transformer-architecture">transformer LM</EntityLink> | Established architecture |
| **2019** | GPT-2 | 1.5B | Initially withheld | Demonstrated misuse concerns |
| **2020** | GPT-3 | 175B | <EntityLink id="E117">Few-shot learning</EntityLink> breakthrough | Sparked scaling race |
| **2022** | InstructGPT/ChatGPT | GPT-3.5 + <EntityLink id="E259">RLHF</EntityLink> | Mainstream AI adoption | RLHF as alignment technique |
| **2023** | GPT-4 | Undisclosed multimodal | Human-level many domains | Dangerous capabilities acknowledged |
| **2024** | o1 reasoning | Advanced chain-of-thought | Mathematical/scientific reasoning | Hidden reasoning, deception risks |
| **2024** | o3 preview | Next-generation reasoning | Near-AGI performance on some tasks | Rapid capability advancement |
| **2025** | o3-mini | Efficient reasoning | Broader reasoning availability | Democratized advanced capabilities |

## Technical Contributions and Evolution

### Major Research Breakthroughs

| Innovation | Impact | Adoption | Limitations |
|------------|--------|----------|-------------|
| **<EntityLink id="transformer-architecture">GPT Architecture</EntityLink>** | Established transformer LMs as dominant paradigm | Universal across industry | <EntityLink id="neural-scaling-laws">Scaling may hit physical limits</EntityLink> |
| **RLHF/InstructGPT** | Made LMs helpful, harmless, honest | Standard alignment technique | May not scale to superhuman tasks |
| **<EntityLink id="neural-scaling-laws">Scaling Laws</EntityLink>** | Predictable performance from compute/data | Drove \$100B+ industry investment | Unclear if continue to AGI |
| **Chain-of-Thought Reasoning** | Test-time compute for complex problems | Adopted by <EntityLink id="E22">Anthropic</EntityLink>, Google | Hidden reasoning enables deception |
| **Deliberative Alignment** | Reasoning-based safety specifications | Used in o-series models[^20] | Limited evaluation in practice |

### Safety Research Evolution

**Current Methodology (2025):**
- **Deliberative Alignment**: Teaching reasoning models human-written safety specifications[^21]
- **Scalable Evaluations**: Automated tests measuring capability proxies[^22]
- **Cross-Lab Collaboration**: Joint evaluations with <EntityLink id="E22">Anthropic</EntityLink> and other labs[^23]
- **Red Teaming**: Human adversarial testing complementing automated evaluations

**Safety Framework Assessment:**
- Preparedness Framework established capability thresholds and evaluation protocols
- Safety evaluations now include third-party assessments beyond internal teams
- Alignment research continues post-Superalignment dissolution but with reduced visibility
- Integration of safety measures into product development rather than separate research track

## Competitive Landscape Analysis

### Capability Comparison (Late 2025)

| Company | Latest Model | Key Strengths | Market Position | Competitive Response |
|---------|--------------|---------------|-----------------|---------------------|
| **OpenAI** | GPT-5.2, o3-mini | Reasoning (100% AIME 2025), broad capabilities | Market leader (81% share) | Continuous releases, AGI timeline |
| **<EntityLink id="E22">Anthropic</EntityLink>** | Claude Opus 4.5 | Safety research, coding (80.9% SWE-bench) | Strong challenger (32% enterprise LLM share) | Enterprise coding dominance (42% market share) |
| **Google** | Gemini 2.5 | Research depth, multimodal, integration | Technology leader | Increased deployment urgency |
| **<EntityLink id="E549">Meta</EntityLink>** | Llama 4 | Open source approach | Alternative paradigm | Democratizing access |

**Performance Benchmarks:**
- Claude Opus 4.5 leads coding benchmarks (80.9% SWE-bench Verified, 42% enterprise coding share)
- GPT-5.2 leads mathematical reasoning (100% AIME 2025, 40.3% FrontierMath)
- Enterprise LLM market has shifted: Anthropic at 32%, OpenAI at 25% (Menlo Ventures)
- Context length and safety remain key Anthropic differentiators

## Developer Ecosystem and Business Strategy

### API and Integration Platform

**Market Penetration:**
- API monthly revenue: ≈\$41M from 530 billion tokens (June 2024)[^27]
- Gross margins: 75% decreasing to 55% with pricing adjustments[^28]
- Azure OpenAI Service: 64% year-over-year growth adoption[^29]
- Enterprise integration across Microsoft Office 365, GitHub Copilot

**Developer Adoption:**
- <EntityLink id="gpt-store">GPT Store</EntityLink>: 159,000 public GPTs from 3 million total created[^30]
- Average 1,500 new models added daily to marketplace[^31]
- API infrastructure market share exceeding 50% industry-wide
- Integration partnerships with major enterprise software providers

## Financial and Commercial Dynamics

### Revenue and Investment Structure

**2024-2025 Financial Performance:**
- Projected 2024 revenue: \$3.4 billion (ChatGPT subscriptions + API)[^32]
- Growth rate: 1,700% year-over-year from product scaling
- Operating losses: \$5 billion in 2024 despite revenue growth[^33]
- Primary cost drivers: compute infrastructure, talent acquisition, research investment

### Microsoft Partnership Impact

| Component | Details | Strategic Implications |
|-----------|---------|----------------------|
| **Investment** | \$13B+ total, 49% profit share (to cap) | Creates commercial pressure for rapid deployment |
| **Compute Access** | Exclusive Azure partnership | Enables massive model training but creates dependency |
| **Product Integration** | Bing, Office 365, GitHub Copilot | Drives revenue but requires consumer-ready systems |
| **API Monetization** | Enterprise and developer access | Success depends on maintaining capability lead |

## Governance Crisis Analysis

### November 2023 Board Coup

| Timeline | Event | Stakeholders | Outcome |
|----------|-------|--------------|---------|
| **Nov 17** | Board fires Sam Altman for lack of candor | Non-profit board, Ilya Sutskever | Initial dismissal |
| **Nov 18-19** | Employee revolt, Microsoft intervention | 500+ employees, Microsoft leadership | Pressure for reversal |
| **Nov 20** | Altman reinstated, board replaced | New commercial-aligned board | Governance weakened |

**Structural Implications:**
- Demonstrated employee and investor loyalty trumps mission governance
- Non-profit board cannot meaningfully constrain for-profit operations
- Microsoft partnership creates de facto veto over safety-motivated decisions
- Sets precedent that commercial interests override safety governance

## Safety Researcher Exodus (2024)

| Researcher | Role | Departure Date | Stated Reasons | Destination |
|------------|------|----------------|---------------|-------------|
| **<EntityLink id="E163">Ilya Sutskever</EntityLink>** | Co-founder, Chief Scientist | May 2024 | "Personal project" (<EntityLink id="E291">SSI</EntityLink>) | Safe Superintelligence Inc |
| **Jan Leike** | Superalignment Co-lead | May 2024 | "Safety culture backseat to products"[^34] | <EntityLink id="E22">Anthropic</EntityLink> Head of Alignment |
| **John Schulman** | Co-founder, PPO inventor | Aug 2024 | "Deepen <EntityLink id="E439">AI alignment</EntityLink> focus" | <EntityLink id="E22">Anthropic</EntityLink> |
| **Mira Murati** | CTO | Sept 2024 | "Personal exploration" | Unknown |

**Pattern Analysis:**
- 75% of co-founders departed within 9 years
- All alignment-focused departures cited safety prioritization concerns
- Exodus correlates with increasing commercial pressure and capability advancement
- <EntityLink id="E22">Anthropic</EntityLink> captured multiple senior OpenAI safety researchers

## Current Capability Assessment

### Reasoning Models Performance (o1/o3 Series)

| Domain | Capability Level | Benchmark Performance | Risk Assessment |
|--------|------------------|----------------------|-----------------|
| **Mathematics** | PhD+ | 83% on AIME, IMO medal performance | Advanced problem-solving |
| **Programming** | Expert | 71.7% on SWE-bench Verified | Code generation/analysis |
| **Scientific Reasoning** | Graduate+ | High performance on PhD-level physics | Research acceleration potential |
| **Strategic Reasoning** | Unknown | Chain-of-thought hidden | <EntityLink id="E93">Deceptive alignment</EntityLink> risks |

**Key Technical Developments:**
- Test-time compute scaling enables reasoning capability improvements
- Hidden reasoning processes prevent interpretability and alignment verification
- Performance approaching human expert level across cognitive domains
- Deliberative alignment methodology integrated into training process

## Economic Impact and Industry Transformation

### Enterprise Adoption and Integration

**Fortune 500 Penetration:**
- 92% of Fortune 500 companies actively using OpenAI products or APIs[^35]
- Primary use cases: customer service automation, content generation, code assistance
- Integration through Microsoft ecosystem (Office 365, Teams, Azure)
- Custom enterprise solutions and fine-tuning services

**Industry Transformation Metrics:**
- Sparked \$100B+ investment across AI industry following ChatGPT launch
- Developer productivity improvements: 10-40% in coding tasks (GitHub Copilot studies)
- Content creation acceleration across marketing, education, professional services
- Job market evolution with AI-augmented roles replacing traditional functions

## International Strategy and Regulatory Engagement

### Government Relations and Policy Influence

| Jurisdiction | Engagement Type | OpenAI Position | Policy Impact |
|--------------|----------------|-----------------|---------------|
| **US Congress** | Altman testimony, lobbying | Self-regulation advocacy | Influenced Senate AI framework |
| **<EntityLink id="E127">EU AI Act</EntityLink>** | Compliance preparation | Geographic market access | Foundation model regulations apply |
| **UK AI Safety** | <EntityLink id="E364">AISI</EntityLink> collaboration | Partnership approach | Safety institute cooperation |
| **China** | No direct engagement | Technology export controls | Limited model access |

### Global Expansion Framework

**Data Sovereignty Approach:**
- OpenAI for Countries program supporting local data centers[^36]
- Partnerships for in-country infrastructure development
- Balance between global access and national security concerns
- Custom deployment models for government and enterprise clients

## Safety Methodology and Alignment Research

### Current Safety Framework (2025)

**Evaluation Processes:**
- **Scalable Evaluations**: Automated testing measuring capability proxies[^37]
- **Deep Dives**: Human red-teaming and third-party assessments[^38]
- **Capability Thresholds**: Predetermined criteria triggering additional safety measures
- **Cross-Lab Collaboration**: Joint safety evaluations with industry partners

**Deliberative Alignment Implementation:**
- Integration of human-written safety specifications into reasoning models[^39]
- Training models to explicitly reason about safety considerations
- Applied to o-series models with ongoing evaluation
- Represents evolution beyond RLHF toward interpretable safety reasoning

### Alignment Research Post-Superalignment

**Current Research Directions:**
- <EntityLink id="E271">Scalable oversight</EntityLink> methods for superhuman AI systems
- Interpretability research for understanding model reasoning
- Robustness testing across diverse deployment scenarios
- Integration of safety measures into product development cycles

**Resource Allocation Concerns:**
- Original 20% compute allocation for safety research unclear in current structure
- Safety research integrated into product teams rather than independent research
- External criticism regarding insufficient dedicated safety resources
- Balance between product development velocity and safety thoroughness

## Expert Perspectives and Current Debates

### Internal Alignment (Current Leadership)

**Sam Altman's Position (2025):**
- AGI development inevitable and better led by responsible US companies
- Commercial success enables greater safety research investment
- Rapid deployment with iterative safety improvements preferred over delayed release
- Competitive dynamics require maintaining technological leadership

**Technical Leadership Perspective:**
- Integration of safety measures into development process rather than separate research
- Emphasis on real-world deployment experience for safety learning
- Collaborative industry approach to safety standards and evaluation

### External Safety Community Assessment

**Academic and Safety Researcher Views:**
- <EntityLink id="E380">Yoshua Bengio</EntityLink>: Concerns about commercial mission drift from original safety focus
- <EntityLink id="E290">Stuart Russell</EntityLink>: Warning about commercial capture of safety research priorities
- Former OpenAI safety researchers: Systematic deprioritization of safety relative to capabilities

**Policy and Governance Experts:**
- Need for external oversight mechanisms beyond self-regulation
- Concerns about concentration of AGI development in single organization
- Questions about democratic accountability in AGI deployment decisions

## Future Trajectories and Critical Decisions

### Timeline Projections (Updated 2025)

| Scenario | Probability Estimate | Timeline | Key Indicators |
|----------|---------------------|----------|----------------|
| **<EntityLink id="E604">AGI Development</EntityLink>** | High | 1-3 years | Altman confidence, o3+ performance |
| **Regulatory Intervention** | Medium-High | 1-2 years | Government AI governance initiatives |
| **Safety Breakthrough** | Low-Medium | Unknown | <EntityLink id="E271">Scalable alignment</EntityLink> advances |
| **Competitive Disruption** | Medium | 2-3 years | Open source parity, international advances |

### Strategic Decision Points

**Immediate (2025):**
- AGI timeline communications and expectation management
- Response to increasing regulatory scrutiny and safety criticism
- Resource allocation between reasoning model advancement and safety research
- International expansion pace and partnership selection

**Medium-term (2026-2027):**
- AGI deployment framework and access policies
- Safety standard establishment and industry coordination
- Relationship management with government oversight bodies
- Competitive response to potential capability disruptions

## Key Research Questions

<KeyQuestions questions={[
  "Can OpenAI maintain safety priorities while pursuing aggressive AGI timelines?",
  "Will deliberative alignment scale to superintelligent systems with hidden reasoning?",
  "How will international coordination develop around OpenAI's AGI deployment decisions?",
  "What governance mechanisms could effectively constrain rapid AGI development?",
  "Can the developer ecosystem and API strategy support sustainable business model?",
  "How will competitive dynamics evolve as multiple labs approach AGI capabilities?"
]} />

## Sources and Resources

### Primary Documents
| Source | Type | Key Content | Link |
|--------|------|-------------|------|
| GPT-4 System Card | Technical report | Risk assessment, red teaming results | [OpenAI GPT-4 System Card](https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4-system-card.pdf) |
| Preparedness Framework | Policy document | Catastrophic risk evaluation framework | [OpenAI Preparedness](https://cdn.openai.com/openai-preparedness-framework-beta.pdf) |
| Deliberative Alignment | Research paper | Reasoning-based safety methodology | [OpenAI Deliberative Alignment](https://openai.com/index/deliberative-alignment/) |
| OpenAI for Countries | Policy initiative | International partnership framework | [Global Affairs Initiative](https://openai.com/global-affairs/openai-for-countries/) |

### Recent Announcements and Performance
| Source | Type | Key Content | Link |
|--------|------|-------------|------|
| Sora 2 Release | Product announcement | Video and audio generation capabilities | [Sora 2 Launch](https://openai.com/index/sora-2/) |
| o3-mini Launch | Model release | Latest reasoning model availability | [Computerworld Coverage](https://www.computerworld.com/article/4015023/openai-latest-news-and-insights.html) |
| AGI Timeline Interview | Executive statement | Altman's confident AGI predictions | [TIME Magazine Interview](https://time.com/7205596/sam-altman-superintelligence-agi/) |

### Academic Research
| Paper | Authors | Contribution | Citation |
|-------|---------|-------------|----------|
| Language Models are Few-Shot Learners | Brown et al. | GPT-3 capabilities demonstration | [arXiv:2005.14165](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165) |
| Training language models to follow instructions | Ouyang et al. | InstructGPT/RLHF methodology | [arXiv:2203.02155](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155) |
| <EntityLink id="E452">Weak-to-Strong Generalization</EntityLink> | Burns et al. | Superalignment research direction | [arXiv:2312.09390](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.09390) |
| GPT-4 Technical Report | OpenAI (279 contributors) | Official technical documentation | [arXiv:2303.08774](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774) |

[^1]: [ChatGPT Users Statistics (February 2026) – Growth & Usage Data](https://www.demandsage.com/chatgpt-statistics/)
[^2]: [ChatGPT Users Statistics (February 2026) – Growth & Usage Data](https://www.demandsage.com/chatgpt-statistics/)
[^3]: [OpenAI Latest News and Insights](https://www.computerworld.com/article/4015023/openai-latest-news-and-insights.html)
[^4]: [Sam Altman expects OpenAI to exit 'code red' by January](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/12/11/openai-intros-new-ai-model-gpt-5point2-says-better-at-professional-tasks.html)
[^5]: [OpenAI Latest News and Insights](https://www.computerworld.com/article/4015023/openai-latest-news-and-insights.html)
[^6]: [Sora 2 is here](https://openai.com/index/sora-2/)
[^7]: [ChatGPT Users Statistics (February 2026) – Growth & Usage Data](https://www.demandsage.com/chatgpt-statistics/)
[^8]: [OpenAI lost \$5 billion in 2024 (and its losses are increasing)](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/CCQsQnCMWhJcCFY9x/openai-lost-usd5-billion-in-2024-and-its-losses-are)
[^9]: [OpenAI lost \$5 billion in 2024 (and its losses are increasing)](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/CCQsQnCMWhJcCFY9x/openai-lost-usd5-billion-in-2024-and-its-losses-are)
[^10]: [OpenAI Statistics 2026: Adoption, Integration & Innovation](https://sqmagazine.co.uk/openai-statistics/)
[^11]: [OpenAI's API Profitability in 2024](https://futuresearch.ai/openai-api-profit/)
[^12]: [OpenAI's API Profitability in 2024](https://futuresearch.ai/openai-api-profit/)
[^13]: [The Era of Tailored Intelligence: Charting the Growth and Market Impact of Custom GPTs](https://originality.ai/blog/gpts-statistics)
[^14]: [OpenAI Statistics 2026: Adoption, Integration & Innovation](https://sqmagazine.co.uk/openai-statistics/)
[^15]: [Introducing OpenAI for Countries](https://openai.com/global-affairs/openai-for-countries/)
[^16]: [Inside OpenAI's Global Business Expansion](https://ff.co/openai-business-expansion/)
[^17]: [Inside OpenAI's Global Business Expansion](https://ff.co/openai-business-expansion/)
[^18]: [How OpenAI's Sam Altman Is Thinking About AGI and Superintelligence in 2025](https://time.com/7205596/sam-altman-superintelligence-agi/)
[^19]: [We know how to build AGI - Sam Altman](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/T5p9NEAyrHedC2znD/recent-sam-altman-statements-on-agi-and-asi)
[^20]: [Deliberative alignment: reasoning enables safer language models](https://openai.com/index/deliberative-alignment/)
[^21]: [Deliberative alignment: reasoning enables safer language models](https://openai.com/index/deliberative-alignment/)
[^22]: [All the labs AI safety plans: 2025 edition](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/dwpXvweBrJwErse3L/all-the-lab-s-ai-safety-plans-2025-edition)
[^23]: [All the labs AI safety plans: 2025 edition](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/dwpXvweBrJwErse3L/all-the-lab-s-ai-safety-plans-2025-edition)
[^24]: [Anthropic's Claude 3 Beats GPT-4 Across Main Metrics](https://medium.com/@AhmedF/anthropics-claude-3-beats-gpt-4-across-main-metrics-feb72963564a)
[^25]: [Anthropic's Claude 3 Beats GPT-4 Across Main Metrics](https://medium.com/@AhmedF/anthropics-claude-3-beats-gpt-4-across-main-metrics-feb72963564a)
[^26]: [Anthropic's Claude 3 Beats GPT-4 Across Main Metrics](https://medium.com/@AhmedF/anthropics-claude-3-beats-gpt-4-across-main-metrics-feb72963564a)
[^27]: [OpenAI's API Profitability in 2024](https://futuresearch.ai/openai-api-profit/)
[^28]: [OpenAI's API Profitability in 2024](https://futuresearch.ai/openai-api-profit/)
[^29]: [OpenAI Statistics 2026: Adoption, Integration & Innovation](https://sqmagazine.co.uk/openai-statistics/)
[^30]: [GPT Store Statistics & Facts: Contains 159.000 of the 3 million created GPTs](https://seo.ai/blog/gpt-store-statistics-facts)
[^31]: [The Era of Tailored Intelligence: Charting the Growth and Market Impact of Custom GPTs](https://originality.ai/blog/gpts-statistics)
[^32]: [OpenAI lost \$5 billion in 2024 (and its losses are increasing)](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/CCQsQnCMWhJcCFY9x/openai-lost-usd5-billion-in-2024-and-its-losses-are)
[^33]: [OpenAI lost \$5 billion in 2024 (and its losses are increasing)](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/CCQsQnCMWhJcCFY9x/openai-lost-usd5-billion-in-2024-and-its-losses-are)
[^34]: Jan Leike departure statement on X/Twitter, May 2024
[^35]: [OpenAI Statistics 2026: Adoption, Integration & Innovation](https://sqmagazine.co.uk/openai-statistics/)
[^36]: [Introducing OpenAI for Countries](https://openai.com/global-affairs/openai-for-countries/)
[^37]: [All the labs AI safety plans: 2025 edition](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/dwpXvweBrJwErse3L/all-the-lab-s-ai-safety-plans-2025-edition)
[^38]: [All the labs AI safety plans: 2025 edition](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/dwpXvweBrJwErse3L/all-the-lab-s-ai-safety-plans-2025-edition)
[^39]: [Deliberative alignment: reasoning enables safer language models](https://openai.com/index/deliberative-alignment/)