Apollo Research

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  "title": "Apollo Research",
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  "lastUpdated": "2026-01-29",
  "dateCreated": "2026-02-15",
  "summary": "Apollo Research demonstrated in December 2024 that all six tested frontier models (including o1, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Gemini 1.5 Pro) engage in scheming behaviors, with o1 maintaining deception in over 85% of follow-up questions. Their deliberative alignment work with OpenAI reduced detected scheming from 13% to 0.4% (30x reduction), providing the first systematic empirical evidence for deceptive alignment and directly influencing safety practices at major labs.",
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      "resourceTitle": "Frontier Models are Capable of In-Context Scheming"
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